John Berthrong, Boston University
There are few works that directly connect ecology and the study of Confucianism. However, there is a growing body of literature that provides insight into the cultural, philosophic, historic, economic, and religious elements of Confucianism that do bear upon any consideration of the modern ecological worldview. This bibliography is divided into two parts: texts specifically related to the topic of Confucianism and ecology and, general, supportive reference works (by region) for understanding the larger context of Confucianism and ecology.
Texts Specifically Related to Confucianism and Ecology
Barnhill, David Landis. “Review of Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, eds. Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong.” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 4, no. 1 (2000): 94-99.
Barnhill, David Landis, and Roger Gottlieb, eds. Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground. Albany, NY: SUNY, 2001.
Berger, Antony R. Dark Nature in Classic Chinese Thought. Victoria, BC: Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria, 1999.
Berneko, Guy. “Ecohumanism, the Spontaneities of the Earth, Ziran, and K = 2.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 31, no. 2 (2004): 183-194.
Berthrong, John. “Confucian Views of Nature.” In Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures, edited by Helaine Selin, 373-392. The Hague and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Black, Alison Harley. Man and Nature in the Philosophical Thought of Wang Fu-chih. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1989.
Blakeley, Donald N. “Listening to the Animals: The Confucian View of Animal Welfare.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 2 (2003): 137-157.
Blunden, Caroline, and Mark Elvin. The Cultural Atlas of the World: China. Alexandria, VA: Stonehenge Press, 1991.
Brasovan, Nicholas S. Neo-Confucian Ecological Humanism: An Interpretive Engagement with Wang Fuzhi (1619-1692). Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2017.
Bruun, Ole and Arne Kalland, eds. Asian Perceptions of Nature: A Critical Approach. Richmond, Surrey: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1995.
Burneko, Guy. “Contemplative Ecology: Guan 觀 for a More-than-Sustainable Future.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 37, no. 1 (2010): 116-130.
Callicott, J. Baird and James McRae, eds. Environmental Philosophy in Asian Traditions of Thought. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2014.
Callicott, J. Baird and Roger T Ames, eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought: Essays on Environmental Philosophy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989.
Chen Lai. “On Morality From the Perspective of Ecology: The Ecological Dimension of New Confucianism.” Zhonggguo Zhexueshi (The History of Chinese Philosophy) 2 (1999): 3-9.
Choi, Kwang Sun. Ecozoic Spirituality: The Symphony of God, Humanity, and the Universe. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2015.
Christensen, Jan Erik. “Confucianism, Food, and Sustainability.” Asian Philosophy: An International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East 27, no. 1 (2017): 16–29.
Chuk-ling Lai, Julian and Julia Tao. “Perception of Environmental Hazards in Hong Kong Chinese.” Risk Analysis 23, no. 4 (2003): 669-684.
Cooper, David E. and Joy A. Palmer, eds. Spirit of the Environment: Religion, Value and Environmental Concern. New York: Routledge, 1998.
Coward, Harold. ed. Visions of a New Earth: Religious Perspectives on Population, Consumption, and Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2000.
Economy, Elizabeth C. The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China’s Future. New York: Cornell University Press, 2004.
Elvin, Mark. The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.
Elvin, Mark, and Liu Ts’ui-jung, eds. Sediments of Time: Environment and Society in Chinese History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Fan, Ruiping. “A Reconstructionist Confucian Account of Environmentalism: Toward a Human Sagely Dominion Over Nature.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 105-122.
Forke, Alfred. The World Conception of the Chinese. London: Arthur Probsthain, 1925.
Gale, Esson M. Discourses on Salt and Iron: A Debate on State Control of Commerce and Industry in Ancient China. Reprint. Taipei: Ch’eng Wen Publishing Company, 1973.
Geaney, Jane. “Chinese Cosmology and Recent Studies in Confucian Ethics: A Review Essay.” Journal of Religious Ethics 28, no. 3 (2000): 451-470.
Grange, Joseph. “Healing the Planet.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40, no. S1 (2013): 251-271.
________. “John Dewey and Confucius: Ecological Philosophers.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 3-4 (2003): 419-431.
Grim, John, and Mary Evelyn Tucker. “Confucianism as Grounding in Community.” In Ecology and Religion, 109–19. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2014.
Hassoun, Nicole J., and David B. Wong. “Conserving Nature; Preserving Identity.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 42, no. 1-2 (2015): 176-196.
He, Chengzhou. “New Confucianism, Science and the Future of the Environment.” European Review 26, no. 2 (May 2018): 368–80.
Henderson, John B. The Development and Decline of Chinese Cosmology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.
Hershock, Peter D. and Roger T. Ames, eds. Human Beings or Human Becomings? A Conversation with Confucianism on the Concept of Person. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2021.
Huang, Yong. “Cheng Brothers’ Neo-Confucian Virtue Ethics: The Identity of Virtue and Nature.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 30, no. 3-4 (2003): 451-467.
________. “Confucian Environmental Virtue Ethics.” In Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology, edited by Willis Jenkins, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and John Grim, 52–59. London & New York: Routledge, 2016.
Inada, Kenneth K. “The Cosmological Basis of Chinese Ethical Discourse.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 35-46.
Jenkins, T. N. “Chinese Traditional Thought and Practice: Lessons for an Ecological Economics Worldview.” Ecological Economics 40, no. 1 (2002): 39-52.
Jenkins, Willis, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and John Grim, editors. Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology. London and New York: Routledge, 2017.
Jiang, Xinyan. “Why Was Mengzi Not a Vegetarianist?” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32, no. 1 (2005): 59-73.
Jones, David. “Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong, (Eds), “Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans” (Book Review).” Journal of Asian & African Studies 35 (2000): 358-359.
Kassiola, Joel J. “China’s Environmental Crisis and Confucianism: Proposing a Confucian Green Theory to Save the Environment.” In Chinese Environmental Governance: Dynamics, Challenges, and Prospects in a Changing Society, edited by Bingqiang Ren and Huisheng Shou, 227-242. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Keenan, Barry C. “Reverence and Cheng-Zhu Ecology.” Dao 17, no. 2 (2018): 187–201.
Lee, Hye-Dong. Spirit, Qi, and the Multitude: A Comparative Theology for the Democracy of Creation. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.
Liu, Xinmin, ed. Embodied Memories, Embedded Healing: New Ecological Perspectives from East Asia. Environment and Society. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021.
Louden, Robert B. “‘What Does Heaven Say?’: Christian Wolff and Western Interpretations of Confucian Ethics.” In Confucius and the Analects: New Essays, edited by Bryan W. Van Norden, 73-93. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Miller, James and He Xiang. “Confucian Spirituality in an Ecological Age.” In Chinese Religions in Contemporary Societies, edited by James Miller, 281-300. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Press, 2006.
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China. 8 Volumes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.
Paracka Jr., Daniel J. “China's Three Teachings and the Relationship of Heaven, Earth and Humanity.” Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture & Ecology 16, no. 1 (2012): 73-98.
Powers, C. John. “Review of Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans, eds. Mary Evelyn Tucker and John Berthrong.” Environmental Ethics 22, (2000): 207-210.
Robinson, Douglas. The Deep Ecology of Rhetoric in Mencius and Aristotle: A Somatic Guide. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 2016.
Selin, Helaine, ed. Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures. The Hague and London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
Shapiro, Judith. Mao’s War Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Shepherd, Robert J. Faith in Heritage: Displacement, Development, and Religious Tourism in Contemporary China. London & New York: Routledge, 2013.
Snyder, Samuel. “Chinese Traditions and Ecology: A Survey Article.” Worldviews: Environment, Culture, Religion 10, no. 1 (2006): 100-34.
“Sustainability from a Confucian Perspective.” The Confucian Weekly Bulletin, May 29, 2018. https://newsela.com/read/lib-ushistory-ancient-china-taoism-confucianism/id/32144/%5d.
Tao, Julia. “Confucian Environmental Ethics: Relational Resonance with Nature.” Social Alternatives 23, no. 4 (2004): 5-9.
Taylor, Rodney L. “Of Animals and Man: The Confucian Perspective.” In Animal Sacrifices: Religious Perspectives on the Use of Animals in Science, edited by Tom Regan, 237-263. Philadelphia, PA: Temple Press, 1986.
________. The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of Quiet-Sitting. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988.
Totman, Conrad. Early Modern Japan. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993.
Tu Weiming. “Spiritual Humanism: Self, Community, Earth, and Heaven.” Wang Yangming Lecture presented at the 24th World Congress of Philosophy, Beijing, August 18, 2018.
________. “The Ecological Turn in New Confucian Humanism: Implications for China and the World.” Daedalus 130, no. 4 (2001): 243-264.
Tucker, Mary Evelyn. “Confucian Cosmology and Ecological Ethics: Qi, Li, and the Role of the Human.” In Living Earth Community: Multiple Ways of Being and Knowing, edited by Sam Mickey, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and John Grim, 109-120. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2020.
________. “Confucian Ethics and the Ecocrisis.” In When Worlds Converge: What Science and Religion Tell Us About the Story of the Universe and Our Place in It, edited by Clifford N. Matthews, Mary Evelyn Tucker, and Philip Hefner, 310-323. Peru, IL: Carus Publishing Company, 2002.
________. “Confucianism and Deep Ecology.” In Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground, edited by David Landis Barnhill and Roger S. Gottlieb, 127-152. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2001.
________. “Confucianism as a Form of Religious Naturalism.” The Routledge Handbook of Religious Naturalism, edited by Donald Crosby and Jerome Stone. London: Routledge, 2018.
________. “The Challenge of Creating ‘Ecological Civilization’ in China.” Yale School of the Environment News (blog), October 5, 2017. https://environment.yale.edu/news/article/the-challenge-of-creating-ecological-civilization-in-china.
________. “The Relevance of Chinese Neo-Confucianism for the Reverence of Nature.” Environmental History Review 15, no. 2 (1991): 55-67.
________. Worldly Wonder: Religions Enter Their Ecological Phase. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 2003.
Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John Berthrong, eds. Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Divinity School, Center for the Study of World Religions, 1998. Distributed by Harvard University Press.
Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and John A. Grim, eds. Worldviews and Ecology: Religion, Philosophy, and the Environment. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1994.
Valder, Peter. Gardens In China. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2002.
Wang, Aihe. Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Weber, Ralph. “Oneness and Particularity in Chinese Natural Cosmology: the Notion of Tianrenheyi.” Asian Philosophy 15, no. 2 (2005): 191-205.
Wu, Bin. “Cheng (誠) as Ecological Self-Understanding: Realistic or Impossible?” Educational Philosophy and Theory 51, no. 11 (October 2019): 1152–63.
Xu, Xixiong, Lingling Duan, and Youliang Yan. “The Influence of Confucianism on Corporate Environmental Investment: Evidence from Chinese Private Firms.” Sustainability 11, no. 21 (2019): 5941.
Yamauchi, T. “Wang Yang-Ming.” In Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment, edited by Joy A. Palmer, 27-33. New York, NY: Routledge, 2001.
Yang, Xisi, and Anja Weber. “Who Can Improve the Environment—Me or the Powerful Others? An Integrative Approach to Locus of Control and pro-Environmental Behavior in China.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146 (July 2019): 55–67.
Yu, Kam-por. “Respecting Nature and Using Human Intelligence: Elements of a Confucian Bioethics.” In Genomics in Asia: A Clash of Bioethical Interests?, edited by Margaret Sleeboom, 159-177. London: Kegan Paul, 2004.
Zhang Yunfei. “On Confucianism and Taoism from the Perspective of Eco-ethics.” In The Progress of Environmental Ethics: Critics and Interpretation, edited by Xu Songling. Beijing: Social Science Literature Press, 1999.
General Reference Works
Ames, Roger T. Confucian Role Ethics: A Vocabulary. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2011.
_______. Human Becomings: Theorizing Persons for Confucian Role Ethics. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2020.
Chan, Wing-tsit. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
_______. Chinese Philosophy, 1949–1963: An Annotated Bibliography of Mainland China Publications. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Press, University of Hawaii, 1967.
Ching, Julia. Chinese Religions. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1993.
Dawson, Raymond, ed. The Legacy of China. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964.
de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and Irene Bloom, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2 Volumes. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
Elvin, Mark. The Pattern of the Chinese Past. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1973.
Fairbank, John King. China: A New History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1992.
Fairbank, John King, and Denis Twitchett, eds. The Cambridge History of China. 15 Volumes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Fung, Yu-lan. A History of Chinese Philosophy. 2 Volumes. Translated by Derk Bodde. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952–1953.
________. A Short History of Chinese Philosophy. Edited by Derk Bodde. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1964.
________. The Spirit of Chinese Philosophy. Translated by E. R. Hughes. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1947.
Gernet, Jacques. A History of Chinese Civilization. Translated by J. R. Foster. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Hershock, Peter D. and Roger T. Ames, eds. Confucian Cultures of Authority. Ithaca, NY: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Jochim, Christian. Chinese Religions: A Cultural Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
Kasulis, Thomas P., Roger T. Ames, and Wimal Dissanayake, eds. Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993.
Keightley, David N., ed. The Origins of Chinese Civilization. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1983.
Lach, Donald F. Asia in the Making of Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1965–1993.
Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea. Translated by Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Lee, Peter H. Sourcebook of Korean Civilization. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993–1996.
Liu, Shu-hsien, and Robert E. Allinson, eds. Harmony and Strife: Contemporary Perspectives, East and West. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1988.
Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Religions of China in Practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.
Martinson, Paul Varo. A Theology of World Religions: Interpreting God, Self, and World in Semitic, Indian, and Chinese Thought. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg, 1987.
Maspero, Henri. China in Antiquity. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1978.
Moore, Charles A. The Chinese Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1967.
Mote, Frederick W. Intellectual Foundations of China. Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1989.
Naess, Arne, and Alastir Hanny, eds. Invitation to Chinese Philosophy. Oslo: Scandinavian University Books, 1972.
Nakamura, Hajime. Parallel Developments: A Comparative History of Ideas. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1975.
________. Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples: India, China, Tibet, and Japan. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Press, 1964.
Overmeyer, Daniel L. Religions of China: The World as Living System. San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, 1986.
Paper, Jordan. The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995.
Reid, T. R. Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West. New York: Random House, 1999.
Sansom, George. Japan, A Short Cultural History. Revised Edition. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.
Schirokauer, Conrad. A Brief History of Chinese Civilization. Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Publishers, 1991.
________. A Brief History of Japanese Civilization. Second Edition. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Publishers, 1993.
Sommer, Deborah, ed. Chinese Religion: An Anthology of Sources. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Thompson, Laurence. Chinese Religion. Fourth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1989.
Tsunoda, Ryusaku, ed. Sources of the Japanese Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1958.
Tu Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Tuan, Yi Fu. Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1982.
Weller, Robert P. Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1987.
Yang, C. K. Religion in Chinese Society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1967.
Yates, Robin D. Five Lost Classics: Tao, Huang-Lao, and Yin-Yang in Han China. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.
Yu, David C. Religion in Postwar China: A Critical Analysis and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Monographs: China
Allan, Sarah. The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art, and Cosmos in Early China. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991.
Allinson, Robert E., ed. Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophic Roots. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Ames, Roger T., ed. Wandering at Ease in the Zhuangzi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998.
Balazs, Etienne. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy: Variations on a Theme. Translated by H. M. Wright and edited by Arthur F. Wright. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1964.
Barrett, Timothy Hugh. Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist, or Neo-Confucian? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Bauer, Wolfgang. China and the Search for Happiness: Recurring Themes in Four Thousand Years of Chinese Cultural History. Translated by Michael Shaw. New York: The Seabury Press, 1976.
Berling, Judith A. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
Berthrong, John H. All Under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in Confucian-Christian Dialogue. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.
________. Concerning Creativity: A Comparison of Chu Hsi, Whitehead, and Neville. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998.
________. Transformations of the Confucian Way. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998.
Birdwhistell, Anne D. Li Yong (1627–1705) and Epistemological Dimensions of Confucian Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
________. Transition to Neo-Confucianism: Shao Yung on Knowledge and Symbols of Reality. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989.
Bloom, Irene. Knowledge Painfully Acquired: The K’un-chih chi by Lo Ch’in-shun. New York: Columbia University Press, 1987.
Bloom, Irene, and Joshua A. Fogel, eds. Meetings of Minds: Intellectual and Religious Interaction in East Asian Traditions of Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.
Bodde, Derk. Chinese Thought, Society, and Science: The Intellectual and Social Background of Science and Technology in Pre-modern China. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.
________. Essays on Chinese Civilization. Edited by Charles Le Blanc. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981.
Bol, Peter K. “This Culture of Ours”: Intellectual Transition in T’ang and Sung China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992.
Chang, Carsun. The Development of Neo-Confucian Thought. 2 Volumes. New York: Bookman Associates, 1957–1962.
Chang, Kwang-chih. Art, Myth, and Ritual: The Path to Political Authority in Ancient China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Chen, Charles K. H., comp. Neo-Confucianism, Etc.: Essays by Wing-tsit Chan. Hanover, NH: Oriental Society, 1969.
Cheng, Chung-ying. New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991.
________, trans. Tai Chin’s Inquiry into Goodness. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center Press, 1971.
Ch’ien, Edward T. Chiao Hung and the Restructuring of Neo-Confucianism in the Late Ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
Chin, Ann-ping and Mansfield Freeman. Tai Chen on Mencius: Explorations in Words and Meaning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.
Ching, Julia. Confucianism and Christianity: A Comparative Study. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1977.
________. Probing China’s Soul: Religion, Politics, and Protest in the People’s Republic. San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, 1990.
________, trans. The Philosophical Letters of Wang Yang-ming. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1972.
________. To Acquire Wisdom: The Way of Wang Yang-ming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.
Ching, Julia, and Hans KŸng. Christianity and Chinese Religion. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
Ching, Julia, and R. W. L. Guisso, eds. Sages and Filial Sons: Mythology and Archaeology in Ancient China. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Press, 1991.
Chow, Kai-wing. The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China: Ethics, Classics, and Lineage Discourse. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995.
Chu Hsi. Chu Hsi’s Family Rituals: A Twelfth-Century Chinese Manual for the Performance of Cappings, Weddings, Funerals, and Ancestral Rites. Translated and edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
________. The Philosophy of Human Nature. Translated by J. Percy Bruce. London: Probsthain and Co., 1922; New York: AMS Press Edition, 1973.
Chu Hsi, and Lu Tsu-ch’ien. Reflections on Things at Hand: The Neo-Confucian Anthology. Translated by Wing-tsit Chan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.
Confucius. Confucius: The Analects (Lun yü). Translated by D. C. Lau. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1992.
Cua, Antonio S. Dimensions of Moral Creativity: Paradigms, Principles, and Ideals. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.
________. Ethical Argumentation: A Study in Hsün Tzu’s Moral Epistemology. Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii, 1985.
________. The Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study of Wang Yang-ming’s Moral Psychology. Honolulu, HI: University Press of Hawaii, 1982.
de Bary, Wm. Theodore. East Asian Civilizations: A Dialogue in Five Stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.
________. The Liberal Tradition in China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
________. The Trouble with Confucianism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1991.
de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and Irene Bloom, eds. Principle and Practicality: Essay in Neo-Confucianism and Practical Learning. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.
de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and John W. Chaffee, eds. Neo-Confucian Education: The Formative Stage. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1989.
Eber, Irene, ed. Confucianism: The Dynamics of Tradition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1986.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of Writing about Rites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.
________. The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese Women in the Sung Period. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993.
Elman, Benjamin A. From Philosophy to Philology: Intellectual and Social Aspects of Change in Late Imperial China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Elvin, Mark. Another History: Essays on China from a European Perspective. Sydney: Wild Peony, 1996.
Eno, Robert. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of Ritual Mastery. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1990.
Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius—the Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1972.
Gardner, Daniel K. Chu Hsi and the Ta-hsüeh: Neo-Confucian Reflection the Confucian Canon. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.
________, trans. Learning to Be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu, Arranged Topically. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1990.
Gilmartin, Christina K., et al, ed. Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the State. Harvard Contemporary China Series, no. 10. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Graham, Angus Charles. Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989.
Hall, David, and Roger T. Ames. Anticipating China: Thinking Through the Narratives of Chinese and Western Culture. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995.
________. Thinking from the Han: Self, Truth, and Transcendence in Chinese and Western Culture. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998.
________. Thinking Through Confucius. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987.
Hansen, Chad. A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophic Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Ho, Ping-ti. The Cradle of the East: An Inquiry into the Indigenous Origins of Techniques and Ideas of Neolithic and Early Historic China, 5000–1000 B.C. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1975.
Ho, Peng Yoke. Li, Qi, and Shu: An Introduction to Science and Civilization in China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1985.
Hoobler, Thomas, and Dorthy Hoobler. Confucianism: World Religions. New York: Facts On File, 1993.
Hsiao, Kung-chuan. From the Beginnings to the Sixth Century A. D. Volume 1. A History of Chinese Political Thought. Translated by F. W. Mote. Princeton Library of Asian Traditions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979.
Huang Tsung-hsi. The Records of Ming Scholars. Edited by Julia Ching with the collaboration of Chaoying Fang. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. Confucian Moral Self Cultivation. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
________, ed. Chinese Language, Thought, and Culture: Nivison and His Critics. Chicago, IL: Open Court, 1996.
Jensen, Lionel M. Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.
Kasoff, Ira E. The Thought of Chang Tsai. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Knoblock, John. Xunzi: A Translation and Study of the Complete Works. 3 Volumes. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988–1994.
Ko, Dorthy. Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York: Zone Books, 1999.
Lee, Peter K. H., ed. Confucian-Christian Encounter in Historical and Contemporary Perspective. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.
Legge, James, trans. The Chinese Classics. 5 Volumes. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.
Levenson, Joseph R. Confucian China and Its Modern Faith: A Trilogy. 3 Volumes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1968.
Lewis, Mark Edward. Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Liu, Shu-hsien. Understanding Confucian Philosophy: Classical and Sung-Ming. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
Lynn, Richard John, trans. The Classic of Changes: A New Translation of the I Ching as Interpreted by Wang Bi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Machle, Edward J. Nature and Heaven in the Xunzi: A Study of Tien Lun. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993.
Mann, Susan. Precious Records: Women in China’s Long Eighteenth Century. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.
Maspero, Henri. China in Antiquity. Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1978.
Mencius. Mencius. Translated by D. C. Lau. 2 Volumes. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1984.
Metzger, Thomas A. Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China’s Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
Munro, Donald J. Images of Human Nature: A Sung Portrait. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988.
________. The Concept of Man in Contemporary China. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1977.
________. The Concept of Man in Early China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1969.
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Monographs: Korea
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Monographs: Japan
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Header photo: Temple of Heaven, Beijing